Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Summary - Essay Example Researchers are also developing a washing machine that is connected to the internet to reduce dependency on energy and increase efficiency. This article explains the development of Chain Home, the first radar defence system ever created in the world. Robert Watson-Watt, a Scottish physicist, led the team that manufactured the Chain Home. The new BBC film ‘Castles in the Sky’ elaborates the drama that accompanied the manufacturing of this defence system. Scientific drama entailed manufacturing a fully functioning system at the least cost and in the shortest time while political drama entailed the dilemma of appeasement or re-armament policies. The film also shows the secrecy and the enormous costs that accompanied the development of the system. The radar system was important in Britain’s quest to keep Luftwaffe at check but its development continues to date. Clark and Johnston emphasize on the importance of a disposable society. A disposable society is a society that uses disposable items that can decompose. Clark and Johnston discourage the use of plastic bags citing their negative environmental effect. This article encourages the use of disposable items instead of plastic materials. Disposable materials are cost-effective to manufacture especially when recycled and environmentally friendly. In addition, this article supports the use of sustainable building materials. It examines the benefits of using grown materials over using artificial materials. The Firth of Forth, the Pont de Normandie and the Angel of the North are among the most iconic structures in the world because of their unique design. These structures embody creativity and innovation. The Forth Bridge took six years to build from 1882 to 1889. It contains a cantilever design balanced on its three towers. These towers support and hold the trains and link bridge between the two main sections. The Forth Bridge is the second largest

Modern Version of Romeo and Juliet Movie with Leonard Di Caprio Essay Example for Free

Modern Version of Romeo and Juliet Movie with Leonard Di Caprio Essay Old stories get forgotten unless they are rejuvenated for the young. In the media world of today, books are forgotten and so is classical love. Romeo and Juliet with Leonardo de caprio was a fabulous attempt at bringing literature and drama back to life and into the hearts of the youth today. The first aspect of modernization is to portray the families as rich business tycoons of today’s world: Montagues and Capulets. The styling of the men especially, the chic haircuts and clothes are not only modern but in fact futuristic. This is most apparent in the guns, the shining metal and flash of silver cannot be forgotten. The fights between the two gangs take place at common place venues of today, that is gas stations. The cars are also futuristic. The letter that Romeo does not respond to is a by a well known courier service. â€Å"There are times when the rapid cuts and raging soundtrack might cause understandable confusion between the movie and a rock video. Indeed, with all the camera tricks, special effects (such as a roiling storm), and riotous splashes of color, its easy to lose the story in the style† (Berardinelli, 1996). The flush-cut editing and fast-moving scenes and actions contribute further to giving the movie a futuristic feel removing it far from the classic ballad it is. Much of the decor, for example, the aquarium wall, through which Romeo and Juliet first eye each other, is very modern in its architecture and idea. Such interiors never existed in the days of Shakespeare and neither is there any mention in the script. What makes the movie striking is the juxtaposition of old English style, rendered flawlessly and emotionally by the actors, with this modern, futuristic treatment, This juxtaposition is what makes Shakespeare’s work speak to the modern teenager, which was the main objectivce of the movie. References Berardinelli, J. Fil Review, Retrieved on 2nd June 2010 from http://www. reelviews. net/movies/r/romeo_juliet. html

Death Of A Salesman: The American Dream :: Death Of A Salesman

For Willy and Linda, life's accomplishments and sources of pleasure are simple. This statement gives an excellent judgment of their lives because they lead very average lives for the time, and any depth is ignored on their part. This little scene exemplifies this point by showing a focus in their lives, being the mortgage on the house. For twenty-five years Willy and Linda have been working to pay off their mortgage, and once they do that, they will attain a sense of freedom, or the "American Dream". That dream, especially pertinent at that time of growth in the United States, presents a perfect representation of their goal. This goal is clearly outlined by dollar signs and a sense of ownership, two key points to personal success. The key thing which leads to Willy and Linda's depressions, is their inability to face reality in the present. Their lives are lived in the future, and even in this scene as Willy states; "You wait, kid, before it's all over we're gonna get a little place out in the country."(p.72), we see his ability to constantly speak of unpractical dreams. Their last payment on the mortgage gives closure to this life filled only with dreams, and will allow them to realize some of their idealistic thoughts. Their entire lives have been concentrated on this house, their one meaningful possession, therefore this last payment is an accomplishment beyond any other. Willy is a salesman, always traveling from state to state staying in motels away from home. This increases the importance of a house to him because it is not only a place of habitation but a representation of stability in his life. It is a concrete item which cannot be taken away from Willy once he has made the last payment. While discussing his sons with Linda, he states; " And they'll get married, and come for a weekend†¦". He shows the same pride for his ownership of the house as he did for Biff during his football years. The house is the center of Willy's being, and now that he almost has it, he can see that it has been his life's work. He is a character who remains content only by trying to believe that he is living the "American Dream", and pride of his most valued possession is all he has to hold onto. Although, at this point in his life, Willy Loman is beginning to notice where all of this dreaming has led him.

Financial Ratios for East Coast Yachts

Question 1: Financial ratios for East Coast Yachts: Current ratio| =| Current Assets| | | Debt-equity ratio| =| Total liabilities| | | Current Liabilities| | | | | Total equity| | =| $14,651,000 | | | | =| $19,539,000 + $33,735,000| | | $19,539,000 | | | | | $55,341,000 | | =| 0. 75| | | | =| 0. 96| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Quick ratio| =| Current Assets – Inventory| | | Equity multiplier| =| Total assets| | | Current Liabilities| | | | | Total equity| | =| $14,651,000 – $6,136,000| | | | =| $108,615,000 | | | $19,539,000 | | | | | $55,341,000 | | =| 0. 44| | | | =| 1. 96| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total asset turnover| =| Sales| | | Interest coverage| =| EBIT| | | Total Assets| | | | | Interest| | =| $167,310,000 | | | | =| $23,946,000 | | | $108,615,000 | | | | | $3,009,000 | | =| 1. 54| | | | =| 7. 96| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Inventory turnover| =| COGS| | | Profit margin| =| Net Income| | | Inventory| | | | | Sales| | =| $117,910,000 | | | | =| $1 2,562,200 | | | $6,136,000 | | | | | $167,310,000 | | =| 19. 22| | | | =| 7. 51%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Receivables turnover| =| Sales| | | Return on assets| =| Net Income| | | Accounts receivable| | | | | Total assets| =| $167,310,000 | | | | =| $12,562,200 | | | $5,473,000 | | | | | $108,615,000 | | =| 30. 57| | | | =| 11. 57%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Debt ratio| =| Total assets – Total equity| | | Return on equity| =| Net Income| | | Total assets| | | | | Total equity| | =| $108,615,000 – $55,341,000| | | | =| $12,562,200 | | | $108,615,000 | | | | | $55,341,000 | | =| 0. 49| | | | =| 22. 70%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Question 2: | | East Coast Yachts| | Yacht Industry Ratios| | | | | Lower Quartile| Median| Upper Quartile| Current ratio| | 0. 75| | 0. 50| 1. 43| 1. 9| Quick ratio| | 0. 44| | 0. 21| 0. 38| 0. 62| Total asset turnover| | 1. 54| | 0. 68| 0. 85| 1. 38| Inventory turnover| | 19. 22| | 4. 89| 6. 15| 10. 89| Receivables turnover| | 30. 57| | 6. 27| 9. 82| 14. 11| Debt ratio| | 0. 49| | 0. 44| 0. 52| 0. 61| Debt-equity ratio| | 0. 96| | 0. 79| 1. 08| 1. 56| Equity multiplier| | 1. 96| | 1. 79| 2. 08| 2. 56| Interest coverage| | 7. 96| | 5. 18| 8. 06| 9. 83| Profit margin| | 7. 51%| | 4. 05%| 6. 98%| 9. 87%| Return on assets| | 11. 57%| | 6. 05%| 10. 53%| 13. 21%| Return on equity| | 22. 70%| | 9. 93%| 16. 54%| 26. 15%|The liquidity ratio shows that the company has less liquidity as compare to the whole industry. East Coast Yachts current ratio is below the median industry ratio and the quick ratio is positioned at the median industry ratio. This indicates that the company may access to short-term borrowing. Referring to the turnover ratio, all the three ratios, I. e. total asset turnover, inventory turnover and receivables turnover are higher than upper quartile industry ratio. This indicates that the company is more efficient among the whole industry in using its assets to generate sales.The financial levera ge ratios, which include the debt ratio, debt-equity ratio, equity multiplier and interest coverage, are all below the median industry ratio, but higher than the lower quartile. This shows that East Coast Yachts is having less debt than the other companies in the industry, but is still within the normal range. The profit margin, return on assets as well as return on equity of the company are higher than the industry median. This shows that the company’s profitability is performing well among the whole industry.As an overall, East Coast Yachts is performing well in the industry, while more concentration would only be required to be placed on the liquidity ratios. Question 3: Return on equity = 22. 70% Retention ratio (b)| =| Net income – Dividends| | | Net Income| | =| $12,562,200 – $7,537,320| | | $12,562,200 | | =| 40%| Sustainable growth rate (SGR) = Return on equity x Retention ratio = 22. 70% x 0. 4 = 9. 08% Increase in assets| =| Assets| x| ? Sales| | | Sal es| | | | =| $108,615,000 | x| (167,310,000 x 9. 08%)| | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| $9,862,242. 00 | | | | | | | |Increase in spontaneous liabilities| =| Spontaneous liabilities| x| ? Sales| | | Sales| | | | =| $6,461,000 | x| (167,310,000 x 9. 08%)| | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| $ 586,658. 80 | | | | | | | | Retention ratio (b)| =| Addition to RE| | | | | Net income| | | | =| $5,024,880 | | | | | $12,562,200 | | | | =| 40%| | | | | | | | Profit margin| =| Net income| | | | | Sales| | | | =| $12,562,200 | | | | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| 8%| | | | | | | | Increase in equity| =| PM x Projected sales x retention ratio| | =| 8% x ($167,310,000 x 1. 0908) x 0. 4| | =| $5,840,055. 94 | | | | | | | | External Funds Needed (EFN)| =| Increase in assets – Increase in spontaneous liabilities – Increase in equity| | =| $9,862,242. 00 – $586,658 – $5,840,056| | =| $3,435,527. 26 | | | | | | | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Income Statement| | | Sales| | 182 ,501,748| | | Cost of goods sold| | 128,616,228| | | Other expenses| | 21,809,455| | | Depreciation| | 5,460,000| (Assume constant)| Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)| 26,616,065| | | Interest| | 3,009,000| (Assume constant)|Taxable income| | 23,607,065| | | Taxes (40%)| | 9,442,826| | | Net Income| | 14,164,239| | | Dividends| | 8,221,709| | | Addition to RE| | 5,481,139| | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Balance Sheet| | | Assets| | | | | Current assets| | | | | Cash| | 3,318,214| | | Accounts receivable| | 5,969,948| | | Inventory| | 6,693,149| | | Total| | 15,981,311| | | Fixed assets| | | | | Net plant and equipment| | 102,495,931| | | | | | | | | | | | | Total assets| | 118,477,242| | | | | | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities| | | | | Accounts payable| | 7,047,659| | | Notes payable| | 14,265,482| | |Total| | 21,313,141| | | | | | | | Long term debt| | 33,735,000| | | | | | | | Shareholders' equity| | | | | Common stock| | 5,200,000| | | Retaine d earnings| | 54,693,803| | | Total equity| | 59,893,803| | | | | | | | Total liabilities and equity| | 114,941,944| | | | | | | | EFN| | 3,535,298| | | Current ratio| =| Current Assets| | Debt-equity ratio| =| Total liabilities| | | Current Liabilities| | | | Total equity| | =| $15,981,311 | | | =| $21,313,141 + $33,735,000| | | $21,313,141 | | | | 59,893,803 | | =| 0. 75| | | =| 0. 92| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Quick ratio| =| Current Assets – Inventory| | Equity multiplier| =| Total assets| | | Current Liabilities| | | | Total equity| | =| $15,981,311 – $6,693,149| | | =| $118,477,242 | | | $21,313,141 | | | | $59,893,803 | | =| 0. 44| | | =| 1. 98| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total asset turnover| =| Sales| | Interest coverage| =| EBIT| | | Total Assets| | | | Interest| | =| $182,501,748 | | | =| $26,616,065 | | | $118,477,242 | | | | $3,009,000 | | =| 1. 54| | | =| 8. 85| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Inventory turnover| =| COGS| | Profit margin| =| Net Income| | | Inventory| | | | Sales| =| $128,616,228 | | | =| $14,164,239 | | | $6,693,149 | | | | $182,501,748 | | =| 19. 22| | | =| 7. 76%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Receivables turnover| =| Sales| | Return on assets| =| Net Income| | | Accounts receivable| | | | Total assets| | =| $182,501,748 | | | =| $14,164,239 | | | $5,969,948 | | | | $118,477,242 | | =| 30. 57| | | =| 11. 96%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Debt ratio| =| Total assets – Total equity| | Return on equity| =| Net Income| | | Total assets| | | | Total equity| | =| $118,477,242 – $59,893,803| | | =| $14,164,239 | | | $118,477,242 | | | | $59,893,803 | | =| 0. 49| | | =| 23. 5%| | | East Coast Yachts| | | Original ratios| | Based on pro forma| Current ratio| | 0. 75| | 0. 75| Quick ratio| | 0. 44| | 0. 44| Total asset turnover| | 1. 54| | 1. 54| Inventory turnover| | 19. 22| | 19. 22| Receivables turnover| | 30. 57| | 30. 57| Debt ratio| | 0. 49| | 0. 49| Debt-equity ratio| | 0. 96| | 0. 92| Equity multiplier| | 1. 96| | 1. 98| Interest coverage| | 7. 96| | 8. 85| Profit margin| | 7. 51%| | 7. 76%| Return on assets| | 11. 57%| | 11. 96%| Return on equity| | 22. 70%| | 23. 65%| As noted from above, the liquidity and turnover ratio will remain constant assuming growth precisely at 9. 8%. Debt-equity ratio will decreased slightly while equity multiplier and interest coverage increased, assuming interest remain constant. Slight improvement also noted from profit margin, return on assets and return on equity. Question 4: Growth rate| | 20%| | | | | | | | Increase in assets| =| Assets| x| ? Sales| | | Sales| | | | =| $108,615,000 | x| (167,310,000 x 20%)| | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| 21,723,000. 00 | | | | | | | | Increase in spontaneous liabilities| =| Spontaneous liabilities| x| ? Sales| | | Sales| | | | =| $6,461,000 | x| (167,310,000 x 20%)| | $167,310,000 | | | | =| $1,292,200. 00 | | | | | | | | Retention ratio (b)| =| Addition to RE| | | | | Net income| | | | =| $5,024,880 | | | | | $12,562 ,200 | | | | =| 40%| | | | | | | | Profit margin| =| Net income| | | | | Sales| | | | =| $12,562,200 | | | | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| 8%| | | | | | | | Increase in equity| =| PM x Projected sales x retention ratio| | =| 8% x ($167,310,000 x 1. 2) x 0. 4| | | =| $6,424,704. 00| | | | | | | | External Funds Needed (EFN)| =| Increase in assets – Increase in spontaneous liabilities – Increase in equity| | =| $21,723,000. 0 – $1,292,200. 00 – $6,424,704. 00| | =| $14,006,096. 00| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Income Statement| | | Sales| | 200,772,000| | | Cost of goods sold| | 141,492,000| | | Other expenses| | 23,992,800| | | Depreciation| | 5,460,000| (Assuming constant)| Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)| 29,827,200| | | Interest| | 3,009,000| (Assuming constant)| Taxable income| | 26,818,200| | | Taxes (40%)| | 10,727,280| | | Net Income| | 16,090,920| | | Dividends| | 9,044,784| | | Addition to RE| | 6,029,85 6| | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | |Pro forma Balance Sheet| | | Assets| | | | | Current assets| | | | | Cash| | 3,650,400| | | Accounts receivable| | 6,567,600| | | Inventory| | 7,363,200| | | Total| | 17,581,200| | | Fixed assets| | | | | Net plant and equipment| | 112,756,800| | | | | | | | | | | | | Total assets| | 130,338,000| | | | | | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities| | | | | Accounts payable| | 7,753,200| | | Notes payable| | 15,693,600| | | Total| | 23,446,800| | | | | | | | Long term debt| | 33,735,000| | | | | | | | Shareholders' equity| | | | | Common stock| | 5,200,000| | |Retained earnings| | 60,169,200| | | Total equity| | 65,369,200| | | | | | | | Total liabilities and equity| | 122,551,000| | | | | | | | EFN| | 7,787,000| | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Original ratios| | Growth @9. 08%| | Growth @20%| Debt-equity ratio| | 0. 96| | 0. 92| | 0. 87| Equity multiplier| | 1. 96| | 1. 98| | 1. 99| Interest coverage| | 7. 96| | 8. 85| | 9. 91| Profit margin| | 7. 51%| | 7. 76%| | 8. 01%| Return on assets| | 11. 57%| | 11. 96%| | 12. 35%| Return on equity| | 22. 70%| | 23. 65%| | 24. 62%| The growth rate of 20% indicates that the EFN is $7,787,000.Debt-equity ratio will decrease by 0. 05. The profit margin, return on assets and return on equity shows improvement if the expansion plan was taken up, assuming interest and depreciation remain constant. The further expansion may be taken up as it will bring improvement to the company’s profitability. Also, debt-equity ratio is still below 1 hence there is room for the expansion to be taken up. Question 5: Depreciation rate| =| Depreciation| | | | | PPE| | | | =| $5,460,000 | | | | | $93,964,000 | | | | =| 5. 81%| | | | | | | | Cost of new line| | 30,000,000| | |New depreciation charged| | 1,743,220. 81| | | | | | | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Income Statement| | | Sales| | 200,772,000| (Assuming growth rate 20%)| Cost of goods sold| | 141,492,000| (Assuming growth rat e 20%)| Other expenses| | 23,992,800| (Assuming growth rate 20%)| Depreciation| | 1,743,221| | | Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)| | 33,543,979| | | Interest| | 3,009,000| (Assuming constant)| Taxable income| | 30,534,979| | | Taxes (40%)| | 12,213,992| | | Net Income| | 18,320,988| | | Dividends| | 9,044,784| | | Addition to RE| | 6,029,856| | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Balance Sheet| | | Assets| | | | | Current assets| | | | | Cash| | 3,650,400| | | Accounts receivable| | 6,567,600| | | Inventory| | 7,363,200| | | Total| | 17,581,200| | | Fixed assets| | | | | Net plant and equipment| | 141,013,579| | | | | | | | Total assets| | 158,594,779| | | | | | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities| | | | | Accounts payable| | 7,753,200| | | Notes payable| | 15,693,600| | | Total| | 23,446,800| | | | | | | | Long term debt| | 33,735,000| | | | | | | | Shareholders' equity| | | | | Common stock| | 5,200,000| | |Retained earnings| | 60,169,200| | | Total equity | | 65,369,200| | | | | | | | Total liabilities and equity| | 122,551,000| | | | | | | | New EFN| | 36,043,779| | | Existing EFN| | 7,787,000| | | Additional EFN| | 28,256,779| | | Depreciation charged from increase in fixed assets at SGR of 20% was $1,743,220. 81. The new plant would cost $30,000,000. The additional EFN would be $28,256,779. The total EFN would become $36,043,779. This would imply that the capacity utilization would be lower next year, since the new plant would expand capacity much more than the required under SGR.

Lifecycle of a Tyre and Creative Intervention Essay

The increased number of vehicles has led to a tremendous growth in the volume of used tyres. Over a billion tyres reach their end of life in the world each year (cited Brown & Watson, 2002) of which about 200000000 arises in Europe and 290000000 in the United States (cited RMA, 2003). From 1998 to 2008 this is expected to change by 2% every year. Vast quantities of tyre are stocked piled in designated landfills or illegally dumped. Besides posing pressure on the environment and the existing waste management sector, this erroneous waste flow also create opportunities for new recycling market to evolve. The tyre lifecycle traditionally comprises four main stages. These include production, consumption, collection of used tyres and waste management (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006: 134). The final stage in the life cycle describes the ultimate destination where used tyres arrive. The term â€Å"used tyre† defines a tyre at the end of its first lifecycle. Two sub-types of used tyres are distinguished. The â€Å"part worn tyre† is a used tyre that can either directly be reused or retreaded. The â€Å"worn out† or â€Å"scrap tyre† is a used tyre that cannot be reused for its original purpose but may have a further use as a material or for energy recovery (Limbachiya & Roberts 2004: 273) The current solution of recycling is commercial development of a new building material made from recycled tires called the ‘Tire Log’. The Tire Log is a patented innovation made from waste tires with a unique and energy efficient approach to recycling tires. RTP recycling method is based on a simple procedure that helically wraps the steel belted tread of the tire around a core of tire treads to essentially any length or diameter. The net result is a building material that engineers say could revolutionize flood control, earthquake survivability and homeland security (Re-Tread Products, Inc. (RTP), 2008). References Limbachiya, M. C & Roberts, J. J. (2004). Sustainable waste management and recycling: used/ post-consumer tyres. Tokyo: Thomas Telford. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2006). Improving recycling markets. Paris: OECD Publishing. Re-Tread Products, Inc. (RTP). (2008, Jan 30). New York company announces new solution for recycled tires. Retrieved May 25, 2010, from www. environmental-expert. com: http://www. environmental-expert. com/resulteachpressrelease. aspx? cid=24895&codi=26319

Free Essays on Alexander Hamiton

Alexander Hamilton was born on the island of Nevis in the Caribbean in 1758. Hamilton’s parents were James Hamilton and Rachel Lavien. His parents started a family but they never married. In 1765 James left the family with Rachel when they moved to the island of St. Croix. Rachel and the boys opened a small shop in the main town. Alexander’s first job was that of a trading post clerk for Cruger and Beckman. St. Croix’s main export then was sugar and slaves. At the age of seventeen Hamilton moved to the state of New York. Early on in Hamilton’s life from seeing the brutal ways of slavery gave him a strong opinion of opposing slavery. Hamilton’s education was attending King college and later Columbia while he was in New York. He never considered himself as a revolutionary but in 1775 he joined the New York militia. Alexander always thought that the colonies and Britain would find a way to bind together. Hamilton was a captain of the New Yo rk Artillery Company. After two years Commander-and-Chief George Washington made him a lieutenant colonel. This rank boosted Hamilton’s future in the career of politics. In 1787 Hamilton was a New York delegate to the constitutional convention. His philosophy rested in the true colonialist fashion. He believed in such ideas like seating the president for life, so that he would not be subject to the whims of the corrupt election process. The second major distinguishing feature of Hamilton’s political philosophy was the emphasis on energetic government. He believed that the government should be proactive in economic and military affairs, have the direct power the supersede lower governments (as at the state level), and be able to exercise authority directly on the people. Only a energetic government would be able to provide the stability and order necessary to secure the liberty of the people, especially over such a large area as the United States. Hamilton wrote a ... Free Essays on Alexander Hamiton Free Essays on Alexander Hamiton Alexander Hamilton was born on the island of Nevis in the Caribbean in 1758. Hamilton’s parents were James Hamilton and Rachel Lavien. His parents started a family but they never married. In 1765 James left the family with Rachel when they moved to the island of St. Croix. Rachel and the boys opened a small shop in the main town. Alexander’s first job was that of a trading post clerk for Cruger and Beckman. St. Croix’s main export then was sugar and slaves. At the age of seventeen Hamilton moved to the state of New York. Early on in Hamilton’s life from seeing the brutal ways of slavery gave him a strong opinion of opposing slavery. Hamilton’s education was attending King college and later Columbia while he was in New York. He never considered himself as a revolutionary but in 1775 he joined the New York militia. Alexander always thought that the colonies and Britain would find a way to bind together. Hamilton was a captain of the New Yo rk Artillery Company. After two years Commander-and-Chief George Washington made him a lieutenant colonel. This rank boosted Hamilton’s future in the career of politics. In 1787 Hamilton was a New York delegate to the constitutional convention. His philosophy rested in the true colonialist fashion. He believed in such ideas like seating the president for life, so that he would not be subject to the whims of the corrupt election process. The second major distinguishing feature of Hamilton’s political philosophy was the emphasis on energetic government. He believed that the government should be proactive in economic and military affairs, have the direct power the supersede lower governments (as at the state level), and be able to exercise authority directly on the people. Only a energetic government would be able to provide the stability and order necessary to secure the liberty of the people, especially over such a large area as the United States. Hamilton wrote a ...

Free Essays on Swifts Modest Proposal

Swift’s â€Å"Modest Proposal† Jonathan Swift’s proposal to Ireland concerning growing and selling babies for food and clothing is a barbaric and irrational idea- at first, but Swift gradually manipulates the reader to accept his thoughts as intelligent and rational. Swift uses satire throughout his â€Å"Modest Proposal†- satire meaning the use of sarcasm, or humor in a literary piece to ridicule or attack human vices. Swift is very effective in using patterns to create satire. At times he is sympathetic and other times callous, while using facts and statistics to create a specific effect and to strengthen his argument. Satire is very clearly developed in Swift’s proposal. He believes there is a serious epidemic within Ireland, stating that with all the financial problems facing its people, children are just an â€Å"additional grievance† (Swift). According to Swift, even if the poor got jobs, or sold into slavery or if the poor steal at a larger rate, the situation would still be the same. This makes one wonder what his actual proposal is going to be about. â€Å"It is of a much greater extent, and shall take in the whole number of infants at a certain age who are born of parents in effect as little able to support them as those who demand out charity in the streets† (Swift). This is just the beginning of Swift’s proposal, so what he is basically suggesting is that infants should be sacrificed. Suddenly, the audience is hit with a comment that is alarming contextually. Swift compares the babies to livestock and calls them â€Å"savages.† The proposal becomes ver y outrageous, but he does not stop there. He goes on to state advantages, saying that â€Å"the constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children, will be rid of charge of maintaining them after the first year† (Swift). Swift also assumes that infants would be a good custom for taverns- once again another unantic... Free Essays on Swift's Modest Proposal Free Essays on Swift's Modest Proposal Swift’s â€Å"Modest Proposal† Jonathan Swift’s proposal to Ireland concerning growing and selling babies for food and clothing is a barbaric and irrational idea- at first, but Swift gradually manipulates the reader to accept his thoughts as intelligent and rational. Swift uses satire throughout his â€Å"Modest Proposal†- satire meaning the use of sarcasm, or humor in a literary piece to ridicule or attack human vices. Swift is very effective in using patterns to create satire. At times he is sympathetic and other times callous, while using facts and statistics to create a specific effect and to strengthen his argument. Satire is very clearly developed in Swift’s proposal. He believes there is a serious epidemic within Ireland, stating that with all the financial problems facing its people, children are just an â€Å"additional grievance† (Swift). According to Swift, even if the poor got jobs, or sold into slavery or if the poor steal at a larger rate, the situation would still be the same. This makes one wonder what his actual proposal is going to be about. â€Å"It is of a much greater extent, and shall take in the whole number of infants at a certain age who are born of parents in effect as little able to support them as those who demand out charity in the streets† (Swift). This is just the beginning of Swift’s proposal, so what he is basically suggesting is that infants should be sacrificed. Suddenly, the audience is hit with a comment that is alarming contextually. Swift compares the babies to livestock and calls them â€Å"savages.† The proposal becomes ver y outrageous, but he does not stop there. He goes on to state advantages, saying that â€Å"the constant breeders, besides the gain of eight shillings sterling per annum by the sale of their children, will be rid of charge of maintaining them after the first year† (Swift). Swift also assumes that infants would be a good custom for taverns- once again another unantic...

How Athenian Democracy Came to Be in 7 Stages

How Athenian Democracy Came to Be in 7 Stages The Athenian institution of democracy emerged in several  stages. This occurred in response to political, social, and economic conditions. As was true elsewhere in the Greek world, the individual city-state (polis) of Athens had once been ruled by kings,  but that had given way to an oligarchic government by archons elected from the aristocratic (Eupatrid) families. With this overview, learn more about the gradual development of Athenian democracy. This breakdown  follows sociologist Eli Sagans model of seven stages, but others argue that there are as many as 12 stages of Athenian democracy. Solon (c. 600 - 561) Debt bondage and loss of holdings to creditors led to political unrest. The rich non-aristocrats wanted power. Solon was elected archon in 594 to reform the laws. Solon lived in the Archaic Age of Greece, which preceded the Classical period. Tyranny of the Pisistratids (561-510)(Peisistratus and sons) Benevolent despots took control after the compromise of Solon failed. Moderate Democracy (510 - c. 462)Cleisthenes The factional struggle between Isagoras and Cleisthenes following the end of the tyranny. Cleisthenes allied himself with the people by promising them citizenship. Cleisthenes reformed social organization and put an end to the aristocratic rule. Radical Democracy (c. 462-431)Pericles Pericles mentor, Ephialtes, put an end to the Areopagus as a political force. In 443 Pericles was elected general and re-elected every year until his death in 429. He introduced pay for public service (jury duty). Democracy meant freedom at home and domination abroad. Pericles lived during the Classical period. Oligarchy (431-403) War with Sparta led to the total defeat of Athens. In 411 and 404 two oligarchic counter-revolutions tried to destroy democracy. Radical Democracy (403-322)​ This stage marked a stable time with Athenian orators Lysias, Demosthenes, and  Aeschines debating what was best for the polis. Macedonian and Roman Domination (322-102) Democratic ideals continued despite domination by outside powers. An Alternative Opinion While Eli Sagan believes Athenian democracy can be divided into seven chapters, classicist and political scientist Josiah Ober has a different view. He sees 12 stages in the development of Athenian democracy, including the initial Eupatrid oligarchy and the final fall of democracy to the imperial powers. For more details about how Ober came to this conclusion, review his argument in detail in  Democracy and Knowledge. Below are Obers divisions about the development of Athenian democracy. Note where they overlap with Sagan and where they differ.   Eupatrid Oligarchy (700-595)Solon and tyranny (594-509)Foundation of democracy (508-491)Persian Wars (490-479)Delian League and postwar re-building (478-462)High (Athenian) empire and struggle for Greek hegemony (461-430)Peloponnesian War I (429-416)Peloponnesian War II (415-404)After the Peloponnesian War (403-379)Naval confederation, social war, the financial crisis (378-355)Athens confronts Macedonia, economic prosperity (354-322)Macedonian/Roman domination (321-146) Source:Eli Sagans

A Danger to Fourth Amendment Rights 302 WK3 Essay

A Danger to Fourth Amendment Rights 302 WK3 - Essay Example The Terry case seems to have turned around the powers of the citizens and the government. Since the government is run for the people, by the people, and belongs to the people, it is important that people the people’s demands supersede the constitution. The decision in Terry’s case can be viewed as the beginning of the end for the United States of America and her citizens. There was official destruction of freedom from tyranny that according to Douglass’ prediction led to Americans being assumed guilty until confirmed innocent. This caused America loss of what sets her apart from other nations. The erosion of freedoms is clear at the Travel and Security Agency agents who openly molest the Americans through naked body scans and enhanced body searches, an act that even the police cannot do. According to Hamilton (2006), this violates the fourth amendment that states as follows: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated. And no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized,† Law .cornell.edu (N.d., Par 1) . Douglas’ position was more of a prophetic warning for only free country in the world at that time. It would have been better if the majority adopted his position, as it would have helped them in making the fourth amendment more powerful. In such a case, the rights of the people would end up more valued than the rights of the law enforcement officials. The Warren court gave the police more powers and created a model dangerous to the freedoms of the fourth amendment since the court wanted to replace the conventional construct with confidentiality based theory of the amendment. Thus, the Warren liberal court replaced the

Travel the World - Letter to a Friend - Assignment

Travel the World - Letter to a Friend - - Assignment Example nding money and time traveling to the City was, therefore, to experience the culture and art of London, to learn the various kinds of art within the city that may have influenced Albert in his career. In his painting, Albert depicts ambient photographic-like scenery of a lake amidst rocky mountain cliffs with grazing deer on the shore in the foreground. The cheap means of travelling to London from Huston Texas was through the Turkish airlines that cost $610 to and fro. The great London atmosphere also extends its hotels with varying affordable rates. Within the city of London, I am staying at the Central Park Hotel, a three star hotel located at the heart of the city that costs  £43 per night (FareCompare.com). London is the capital city of the England in Europe popularly known for its monarchy system under the rule of a queen. There are nearly over 300 languages spoken in the city, however, its main culture mainly ties around the arts, museums and various festivals. In particular, as for architecture, London prides itself of a number of landmarks and cultural iconic objects that are globally associated with the city such as the Big Ben, as well as the Buckingham Palace. The city is also popular for the fast foods vendors that specialize in making the burgers, pies and pizza that forms one of the main popular foods among most city dwellers and workers. In terms of entertainment, the city is best recognized for its particular preference for rock music dating from the 1960s and is the home for various globally renowned rock bands and musicians. The city is also home for some of the globally recognized teams in the game of soccer. Like other major cities across Europe, London has an oceanic t emperate climate with the four climatic seasons like most of Europe (The Guardian). Albert made his iconic photograph-like painting using oil-based paints and soft brush to make the portrait on canvas measuring approximately six and ten feet in size. Albert gracefully employs

Explain what you have learned from your experience as member of a team Essay

Explain what you have learned from your experience as member of a team whose project was not completeted sucessfully - Essay Example The task was supposed to be finished overnight otherwise additional payments were to be incurred by the organization due to additional day of auditor’s visit. Our team failed to complete the assigned task within deadline, however somehow we were able to avoid the additional payment costs to the company. The reasons to this failure were later on studied in depth to extract results, inferences and lessons for future reference and better response. Next few paragraphs will discuss the lessons learned by the team. The first and far most important is the assignment of the task to a professional with appropriate skills and zeal to accomplish the assigned task. The initial assignment of the task seems to be a wrong assignment and lake of professionalism caused unnecessary delay in the completion of the investment report. An unfinished report was the ultimate result of this wrong assignment. Therefore purposeful evaluation of professional competence for a specific task is of core impor tance for the successful completion of the project. It is also evident from the findings that the project was not properly supervised for in time preparation of the investment report therefore the initial assignment was not completed.

Visual dynamic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Visual dynamic - Essay Example As a photographer, Brandenburg was well-known for being dissatisfied with the pictures that he took; out of hundreds of rolls, he would often only submit a handful for publication. In 1981, the United States Postal Service commissioned Brandenburg to come up with a set of wildlife stamps. Throughout his career, Jim Brandenburg has received much recognition from his peers and photo critics alike. In 1988, Brandenburg was named the Wildlife Photographer of the Year by BBC Wildlife and The Natural History Museum. Three years later, Brandenburg received UN recognition, the Global 500 Environmental World Achievement Award, and was presented the award by the king of Sweden. Outdoor Photography Magazine included Brandenburg in its list of â€Å"40 Most Influential Nature Photographers.† Brandenburg also used his popularity for to help others by establishing the Brandenburg Prairie Foundation in 1999. The purpose of this organization is to protect the prairie in Brandenburg’s home state of

Accounting Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Accounting Theory - Essay Example Researchers use various methods and techniques to collect data, which is then analysed to create knowledge (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2012). Knowledge in this research refers to accounting facts and skills that people acquire through experience or education (Easterby- Smith,Thorpe, Jackson & Lowe, 2008). The interest of researchers during study processes constitutes establishing whether beliefs are in agreement with the facts. This paper focuses on ascertaining that various phenomena in accounting are real and they have particular characteristics. We intend to help readers know that various accounting information presented to stakeholders by accountants is characterised by validity, relevance, and reliability. Knowledge acts as a tool through which researchers communicate accounting information to humans (Given, 2008); therefore, proper research is critical founded on effective research philosophy is critical in knowledge generation. We had two approaches from which we were to choose one approach for this study; these are positivism and phenomenology. The selected approach for this paper was phenomenology. Phenomenology is a style of thought or method of systematically reflecting on and studying the structures of consciousness and all phenomena appearing in acts of consciousness (Given, 2008). Phenomenology adopts an induction approach, which is critical in collecting qualitative data and some quantitative data for further supporting beliefs about the accounting profession. Using inductive reasoning, we moved from specific observations to broader generalisations and theories concerning business accounting. While using this approach, we made three assumptions; first, the world subjective and socially constructed. Therefore, it is through the existence of human beings that the world receives meaning. Through our research on petroleum companies, we gave meaning to the world concerning the performance of the selected companies during the period of

Differences Between Football and Baseball Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Differences Between Football and Baseball - Essay Example Baseball was most popular in the 1950s and the period prior. The Yankees were always the best during baseball leagues (Rogers, 2012). They always won the first position. The Cleveland Indians took the second place and the Chicago White Sox mostly took the third place. Baseball, however, evolved in the ‘60s as pressure was mounted to incorporate people from other cultures (Lowenfish, 2008). There was also pressure to expand the baseball leagues from the usual eight that often played to ten teams. The teams were to increase later to twelve. Some major groups also relocate from the Northeast to the West Coast. The baseball league management also introduced a watering down of scores and points. It was successful as now teams could score more easily, but it destroyed the credentials that baseball had and lost more fans. Baseball was more like an American game watched and celebrated in America while football is a global game (Rogers, 2012). All countries have a team, and the team represents the country. The best teams are the ones that play in the final leagues. The positions are awarded on a merit basis. The best football teams globally can run their football clubs more like companies. Therefore, teams like Manchester United, Arsenal, Manchester City, Chelsea, among a few others are run like businesses and have their shares even listed on the stock exchange. The fact that investors can chip into these companies makes them be able to ‘buy’ the best players from other small teams. The small teams agree to it because they get cash in exchange that they use to try to improve their team or for costs. Football is popular because it is an international game, more of a competition and the best team wins. As teams try to fight for the championship, the game becomes more attractive, and people are lured into following it. There is also the aspect that there is always a big chunk of money to be paid to the team that

Accounting Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Accounting Theory - Essay Example Researchers use various methods and techniques to collect data, which is then analysed to create knowledge (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2012). Knowledge in this research refers to accounting facts and skills that people acquire through experience or education (Easterby- Smith,Thorpe, Jackson & Lowe, 2008). The interest of researchers during study processes constitutes establishing whether beliefs are in agreement with the facts. This paper focuses on ascertaining that various phenomena in accounting are real and they have particular characteristics. We intend to help readers know that various accounting information presented to stakeholders by accountants is characterised by validity, relevance, and reliability. Knowledge acts as a tool through which researchers communicate accounting information to humans (Given, 2008); therefore, proper research is critical founded on effective research philosophy is critical in knowledge generation. We had two approaches from which we were to choose one approach for this study; these are positivism and phenomenology. The selected approach for this paper was phenomenology. Phenomenology is a style of thought or method of systematically reflecting on and studying the structures of consciousness and all phenomena appearing in acts of consciousness (Given, 2008). Phenomenology adopts an induction approach, which is critical in collecting qualitative data and some quantitative data for further supporting beliefs about the accounting profession. Using inductive reasoning, we moved from specific observations to broader generalisations and theories concerning business accounting. While using this approach, we made three assumptions; first, the world subjective and socially constructed. Therefore, it is through the existence of human beings that the world receives meaning. Through our research on petroleum companies, we gave meaning to the world concerning the performance of the selected companies during the period of

Statistics project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Statistics Project Example Referring to Table 1 above, the sales size was significantly, positively correlated with the number of full-time employees (Ï  = 0.237, p From the onset, it is clear that the relationship between the number of part-timers and sales size does not follow a linear pattern. This is because of the earlier noted correlation coefficient that is not statistically significant. The bivariate relationships between the sales size and each of the independent variables are shown in Figures 1-4. The scatter plots indicate whether the nature of the relationship between two variables can be depicted either in a linear or non-linear manner. A linear relationship indicates that the rate of change in one variable results in a proportional change in the other (Bryan and Heagerty 2014). If the relationship is non-linear, it is impossible to arrive at the same conclusion as above. From Figure 1, the rate of increase in the size of sales (in square meters) does not appear to correspond to the increase in the number of

Development of soft palate Essay Example for Free

Development of soft palate Essay Triangular area of hard palate anterior to incisive foramen Forms during 4th to 7th week of Gestation Two maxillary swellings merge and two medial nasal swelling fuse Formed by the fusion of medial nasal processes Secondary Palate- Remaining hard palate and all of soft palate Forms in 6th to 9th weeks of gestation Palatal shelves change from vertical to horizontal position and fuse Formed by fusion of maxillary process- Soft palate Is musculo-membranous curtain that separates the oropharynx from the oral space and the nasopharynx from the nasal space. It functions as flap valve closes off nasopharynx during swallowing. Its anterior margin is attached to the posterior border of hard palate by fibrous tissue known as palatal aponeurosis i. e. It is a collection of muscles with central aponeurosis. It Is continuous with the floor of the nasal cavity and covered with pseudo-stratlfled columnar ciliated epithelium and oral surface is covered by stratified squamous epithelium. Anatomic factors- The anatomy of the soft palate reveals a symmetrical and a radial distribution of the muscles and their fibers. The soft palate is part of a dual valve system which eparates the oropharynx from the oral space and the nasopharynx from the nasal space. The function of the soft palate in these dual valving actions requires freedom of movement in three dimensions or planes of space, i. e. , superoinferiorly, medlolaterally, and anteroposterlorly. A denture which contacts the soft palate then must conform to the requirements for freedom of movement of the palate. Therefore, an impression should be made when the soft palate is placed at a desired denture border position. This functional position of the soft palate may be achieved when the atient, seated in the upright position, flexes his head 30 degrees forward and places his tongue under tension against either the handle of the impression tray or the dentists finger which is held in the region of the upper maxillary incisors. The tongue should be retained in a state of tension within the arch form, and should not protrude beyond the lips. Neuropnyslologlc Tactors The soft palate as a component of an oropharyngeal valve may be considered as the analogue of the upper lip and the distal part of the dorsum of the tongue as the analogue of the lower lip. The soft palate and tongue thus contact and separate as hey protrude backward and forward to selectively permit food and air to pass the fauces for swallowing, speech, and respiration. The neurologic control for the valving action is mediated by the ninth and tenth cranial nerves for the palate and tongue (these nerves have both high somatic conscious and visceral automatic components) and by the twelfth cranial nerve which is dominated by the somatic conscious motor component. It is this latter phenomenon, wherein the rich conscious nerve control of the tongue muscles prevails, that makes it possible for the patient to respond to erbal and tactile stimuli to alter the position of the contiguous muscles of the soft palate. Even though there is a large proportion of visceral components in the ninth and tenth cranial nerves, it does not imply that the soft palate cannot be conditioned to respond appropriately to the denture which encroaches upon its environment. It merely suggests that more time may be required to condition the soft palate tissue to adapt to the presence of the denture which initiates a gag reflex. The physical stimuli of the denture base must be inhibited or suppressed so that the posterior border an become an extension of the patients biologic self in the same manner as the other borders. To facilitate the patients adjustment to the denture touching the soft palate, the border should be convex in contour on both the tongue and soft-palate sides. This recommendation is supported by Litvak, Silverman, and Garfinkels in a recent study wherein patients identified objects with many line angles in the mouth more readily than those with few line angles.

Direct and iterative method

Direct and iterative method INTRODUCTION TO DIRECT AND ITERATIVE METHOD Many important practical problems give rise to systems of linear equations written as the matrix equation Ax = c, where A is a given n Ãâ€" nnonsingular matrix and c is an n-dimensional vector; the problem is to find an n-dimensional vector x satisfying equation . Such systems of linear equations arise mainly from discrete approximations of partial differential equations. To solve them, two types of methods are normally used: direct methods and iterative methods. Directapproximate the solution after a finite number of floating point operations. Since computer floating point operations can only be obtained to a given precision, the computed solution is usually different from the exact solution. When a square matrix A is large and sparse, solving Ax = c by direct methods can be impractical, and iterative methods become a viable alternative. Iterative methods, based on splitting A into A = M−N, compute successive approximations x(t) to obtain more accurate solutions to a linear system at each iteration step t. This process can be written in the form of the matrix equation x(t) = Gx(t−1) + g, where an n Ãâ€" n matrix G = M−1N is the iteration matrix. The iteration process is stopped when some predefined criterion is satisfied; the obtained vector x(t) is an approximation to the solution. Iterative methods of this form are called linear stationary iterative methods of the first degree. The method is of the first degree because x(t) depends explicitly only on x(t−1) and not on x(t−2), . . . , x(0). The method is linear because neither G nor g depends on x(t−1), and it is stationary because neither G nor g depends on t. In this book, we also consider linear stationary iterative methods of the second degree, represented by the matrix equation x(t) = Mx(t−1) − Nx(t−2) + h. HISTORY OF DIRECT AND ITERATIVE METHOD Ø Direct methods to solve linear systems Direct methods for solving the linear systems with the Gauss elimination method is given byCarl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). Thereafter the Choleski gives method for symmetric positive definite matrices. Ø Iterative methods for non-linear equations The Newton_Raphson method is an iterative method to solve nonlinear equations. The method is defined byIsaac Newton (1643-1727)andJoseph Raphson (1648-1715). Ø Iterative methods for linear equations The standard iterative methods, which are used are the Gauss-Jacobi and the Gauss-Seidel method.Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)is a very famous mathematician working on abstract and applied mathematics.Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804-1851)is well known for instance for the Jacobian the determinant of the matrix of partial derivatives. He has also done work on iterative methods leading to the Gauss-Jacobi method. Another iterative method is the Chebyshev method. This method is based on orthogonal polynomials bearing the name ofPafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894). The Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel method use a very simple polynomial to approximate the solution. In the Chebyshev method an optimal polynomial is used. DIRECT AND ITERATIVE METHOD Direct methods compute the solution to a problem in a finite number of steps. These methods would give the precise answer if they were performed ininfinite precision arithmetic. Examples includeGaussian elimination, theQRfactorization method for solvingsystems of linear equations, and thesimplex methodoflinear programming. In contrast to direct methods,iterative methodsare not expected to terminate in a number of steps. Starting from an initial guess, iterative methods form successive approximations thatconvergeto the exact solution only in the limit. Aconvergence criterionis specified in order to decide when a sufficiently accurate solution has (hopefully) been found. Even using infinite precision arithmetic these methods would not reach the solution within a finite number of steps (in general). Examples includeNewtons method, thebisection method, andJacobi iteration. In computational matrix algebra, iterative methods are generally needed for large problems. Iterative methods are more common than direct methods in numerical analysis. Some methods are direct in principle but are usually used as though they were not, e.g.GMRESand theconjugate gradient method. For these methods the number of steps needed to obtain the exact solution is so large that an approximation is accepted in the same manner as for an iterative method. In the case of asystem of linear equations, the two main classes of iterative methods are thestationary iterative methods, and the more generalKrylov subspacemethods. Ø Stationary iterative methods Stationary iterative methods solve a linear system with anoperatorapproximating the original one; and based on a measurement of the error (the residual), form acorrection equationfor which this process is repeated. While these methods are simple to derive, implement, and analyse, convergence is only guaranteed for a limited class of matrices. Examples of stationary iterative methods are theJacobi method,Gauss–Seidel methodand theSuccessive over-relaxation method. Ø Krylov subspace methods Krylov subspacemethods form anorthogonal basisof the sequence of successive matrix powers times the initial residual (theKrylov sequence). The approximations to the solution are then formed by minimizing the residual over the subspace formed. The prototypical method is theconjugate gradient method(CG). Other methods are the generalized minimal residual method and the biconjugate gradient method EXAMPLE OF DIRECT METHOD GAUSS ELIMINATION METHOD :- Inlinear algebra,Gaussian eliminationmethod is analgorithmfor solvingsystems of linear equations, finding therankof amatrix, and calculating the inverse of aninvertible square matrix. Gaussian elimination is named after German mathematician and scientistCarl Friedrich Gauss. Elementary row operationsare used to reduce a matrix torow echelon form.Gauss–Jordan elimination, an extension of this algorithm, reduces the matrix further toreduced row echelon form. Gaussian elimination alone is sufficient for many applications. EXAMPLE Suppose that our goal is to find and describe the solution(s), if any, of the followingsystem of linear equations: The algorithm is as follows :eliminate x from all equations below L1 and then eliminate y from all equations below L2 .This will form a triangular form.Using the back substitution Each unknown can be solved . In the example, x is eliminated from l2 by adding 3/2L1to L2. X is then eliminatedmfrom L3 by adding L1 to L3 The result is: Nowyis eliminated fromL3by adding− 4L2toL3: The result is: This result is a system of linear equations in triangular form, and so the first part of the algorithm is complete.The second part, back-substitution, consists of solving for the unknowns in reverse order. It can be seen that Then,zcan be substituted intoL2, which can then be solved to obtain Next,zandycan be substituted intoL1, which can be solved to obtain The system is solved. Some systems cannot be reduced to triangular form, yet still have at least one valid solution: for example, ifyhad not occurred inL2andL3after the first step above, the algorithm would be unable to reduce the system to triangular form. However, it would still have reduced the system toechelon form. In this case, the system does not have a unique solution, as it contains at least onefree variable. The solution set can then be expressed parametrically . In practice, one does not usually deal with the systems in terms of equations but instead makes use of theaugmented matrix(which is also suitable for computer manipulations). The Gaussian Elimination algorithm applied to theaugmented matrixof the system above, beginning with:which, at the end of the first part of the algorithm That is, it is inrow echelon form. At the end of the algorithm, if theGauss–Jordan eliminationis applied: That is, it is inreduced row echelon form, or row canonical form. EXAMPLE OF ITERATIVE METHOD OF SOLUTION A. JACOB METHOD :- The Jacobi method is a method of solving amatrix equationon a matrix that has no zeros along its main diagonal (Bronshtein and Semendyayev 1997, p.892). Each diagonal element is solved for, and an approximate value taken in. The process is then iterated until it converges. This algorithm is a stripped-down version of theJacobi transformationmethod ofmatrix diagonalization. The Jacobi method is easily derived by examining each of the equations in thelinear system of equationsAx=b in isolation. If, in theith equation solve for the value ofwhile assuming the other entries ofremain fixed. This gives which is the Jacobi method. In this method, the order in which the equations are examined is irrelevant, since the Jacobi method treats them independently. The definition of the Jacobi method can be expressed withmatricesas B. Stationary Iterative Methods Iterative methods that can be expressed in the simple form Where neighter B nor c depend upon the iterative count k) are called stationary iterative method. The four main stationary iterative method : the Jacobi method, the Gauss Seidel method ,Successive Overrelaxation method and the symmetric Successive Overrelaxation method C. The Gauss-Seidel Method We are considering an iterative solution to the linear system where is ansparse matrix,xandbare vectors of lengthn, and we are solving forx. Iterative solvers are an alternative to direct methods that attempt to calculate an exact solution to the system of equations. Iterative methods attempt to find a solution to the system of linear equations by repeatedly solving the linear system using approximations to the vector. Iterations continue until the solution is within a predetermined acceptable bound on the error. Iterative methods for general matrices include the Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel, while conjugate gradient methods exist for positive definite matrices. Use of iterative methods is the convergence of the technique. Gauss-Jacobi uses all values from the previous iteration, while Gauss-Seidel requires that the most recent values be used in calculations. The Gauss-Seidel method has better convergence than the Gauss-Jacobi method, although for dense matrices, the Gauss-Seidel method is sequential. The convergence of the iterative method must be examined for the application along with algorithm performance to ensure that a useful solution to can be found. The Gauss-Seidel method can be written as: where: ¯ is theunknown in during theiteration,and, is the initial guess for theunknown in, is the coefficient ofin therow andcolumn, is thevalue in. or where: ¯ K(k)is theiterative solution to is the initial guess atx Dis the diagonal ofA Lis the of strictly lower triangular portion ofA Uis the of strictly upper triangular portion ofA bis right-hand-side vector. EXAMPLE. 101−x2+ 23= 6, −x1+ 112−x3+ 34= 25, 21−x2+ 103−x4= − 11, 32−x3+ 84= 15. Solving forx1,x2,x3andx4gives: x1=x2/ 10 −x3/ 5 + 3 / 5, x2=x1/ 11 +x3/ 11 − 34/ 11 + 25 / 11, x3= −x1/ 5 +x2/ 10 +x4/ 10 − 11 / 10, x4= − 32/ 8 +x3/ 8 + 15 / 8 Suppose we choose(0,0,0,0)as the initial approximation, then the first approximate solution is given by x1= 3 / 5 = 0.6, x2= (3 / 5) / 11 + 25 / 11 = 3 / 55 + 25 / 11 = 2.3272, x3= − (3 / 5) / 5 + (2.3272) / 10 − 11 / 10 = − 3 / 25 + 0.23272 − 1.1 = − 0.9873, x4= − 3(2.3272) / 8 + ( − 0.9873) / 8 + 15 / 8 = 0.8789. x1 x2 x3 x4 0.6 2.32727 − 0.987273 0.878864 1.03018 2.03694 − 1.01446 0.984341 1.00659 2.00356 − 1.00253 0.998351 1.00086 2.0003 − 1.00031 0.99985 The exact solution of the system is (1,2,-1,1) APPLICATION OF DIRECT AND ITERATIVE METHOD OF SOLUTION FRACTIONAL SPLITING METHOD OF FIRST ORDER FOR LINEAR EQUATION First we describe the simplest operator-splitting, which is calledsequential operator-splitting, for the following linear system of ordinary differential equations:(3.1)where the initial condition is. The operators and are linear and bounded operators in a Banach space The sequential operator-splitting method is introduced as a method that solves two subproblems sequentially, where the different subproblems are connected via the initial conditions. This means that we replace the original problem with the subproblemswhere the splitting time-step is defined as. The approximated solution is. The replacement of the original problem with the subproblems usually results in an error, calledsplitting error. The splitting error of the sequential operator-splitting method can be derived as whereis the commutator ofAandB The splitting error iswhen the operatorsA andB do not commute, otherwise the method is exact. Hence the sequential operator-splitting is called thefirst-order splitting method. THE ITERATIVE SPLITING The following algorithm is based on the iteration with fixed splitting discretization step-size. On the time intervalwe solve the following subproblems consecutively for:(4.1)where is the known split approximation at the time level. We can generalize the iterative splitting method to a multi-iterative splitting method by introducing new splitting operators, for example, spatial operators. Then we obtain multi-indices to control the splitting process; each iterative splitting method can be solved independently, while connecting with further steps to the multi-splitting method

Essay --

Gun Control The time has come for our country to take action to reduce gun violence in America. Aurora, Colorado, Sandy Hook Elementary School, and most recently Arapahoe High School are only three of the recent atrocities. More than twenty mass shootings have taken place since 2009, yet many people still believe it’s acceptable to own guns. We, as a country, have suffered too many losses to not take action. No laws created can ever fully stop every act of violence, but there are ways to prevent the mentally ill, the suicidal, and criminally minded from buying guns and ammunition. If the government tries to ban people from owning every type of gun, we will get no where with the issue. The problem in our country is having access to assault rifles and handguns. Many assault rifles sold are semi-automatic, firing one round every time the trigger is pulled. For example, an AR-15 can fire between 45 and 60 rounds per minute. No civilian needs to have a gun this powerful; the only place they should be allowed is for military use. Having these types of guns available to the public ...

Community Health Nursing Essay

As a registered nurse of only three years, I am often referred to by my peers as a â€Å"baby† nurse. However, in those short three years of practice I have learned and continue to learn many things whether medical, personal, or humanitarian. My personal nursing experience has been in surgical care services. The vast majority of the patients I have cared for are those undergoing elective procedures. They have chosen to have joint arthroplasty or some other type of procedure. I have also had the great fortune to care for those who have been diagnosed with terminal illnesses such as cancer and leukemia. Many times I see these patients in the infancy of their disease process, but I also see them on a continue basis during treatments such as blood or platelet transfusions. The difficulties faced by patient s such as these are varied and bring with each a different set of needs to be assessed and addressed. You become not just a nurse but a caregiver, advocate, therapist, and more often than not a friend. It is when working with these patients that the dynamics of quality versus quantity of life become central to care. In many cases family concerns, whether well meaning or not, may overshadow the patient’s wishes. Our selfish need to keep loved ones with us can blur the line as to the patient’s own wants and needs. In dealing with this you must also assess your own beliefs as to end of life decisions. My role as a nurse must be to advocate for my patient, to develop trust in the relationship, and to follow through with their wishes. All the while promoting compassion in our interactions,  In this case scenario, there are three strategies in which I would implement to address Mrs. Thomas as a patient. After assessing the patient and her situation referrals should be made for therapy modalities both physical and occupational, home health, and psychological/mental health for both Mrs. Thomas and her spouse/caregiver. Physical and occupational therapy could evaluate Mrs. Thomas and initiate a plan of treatment to increase stamina and range of motion to keep the patient at an optimum level of functioning. Physical improvement even in small increments can have a positive effect on the patient’s outlook. Home health could evaluate Mrs. Thomas and her need for pain control as well as her fear of dependency. Education at this juncture is imperative to patient outlook as well as outcome of treatments. With pain management in place, physical therapy could progress, thus increasing the level of patient participation. Also a mental health/psychological referral could be invaluable to both Mr. and Mrs. Thomas. Mrs. Thomas could be assisted in working through and understanding the stages of her illness, as well as her depression and sadness concerning her family relationships. It could also help Mr. Thomas with his depression and allow them both to connect with support groups or individuals within the community with whom they can share experiences. One of the best resources for breast cancer patients is the Susan B. Komen Foundation. As a certified breast cancer educator, I have had the pleasure of working with both survivors and their families. Education is very important to all concerned in a medical diagnosis of breast cancer. Understanding of the disease process and its effects are also essential to a healthy outlook. The Komen Foundation offers support to patients, survivors, caregivers, and family members. It would be an excellent resource in which both Mr. and Mrs. Thomas could receive individualized treatment and support. The team approach is also necessary for working with patients, families, and caregivers. As a nurse you must accept that an individual cannot meet all patient needs so you draw upon other health care professional s to accomplish the highest levels of care. A wide variety of team members can be utilized in the care of the Thomas’. Physicians who offer direct clinical care and disease pathologies, social workers/clinical case managers who can assist in community resources as well as their knowledge of insurances, spiritual leaders to aide in dealing with final decisions and spiritual needs of the patient and family, pharmacists  who assist with a wide array of pharmacological treatments for pain and symptom control, dieticians can be helpful in counseling with meals, nutrition, supplements, and hydration. Other team members may include physical and occupational therapy, psychologists, and perhaps even volunteers to assist in the home and with errands. The needs of Mrs. Thomas and her family will continue to fluctuate as her disease progresses. It is important for the team to stay abreast of these needs and adjust plans of care accordingly. At some point hospice services may be called upon and continued through death. This can be provided at home or on an inpatient basis. Initiating a plan of action can alleviate stress from both the Thomas’. Mr. Thomas may feel that some of the caregiver burden has been lifted and this could aid in the treatment of his depression. This in combination with medication could be the keys to initiating successful treatment. If a psychological evaluation is needed due to the possibility of suicidal ideations, then immediate intervention is warranted with a crisis facility. Especially if there is deemed eminent danger of self harm. With pieces of the clinical puzzle in place, the Thomas’ can be assisted with as much compassion, dignity, and support as possible to meet their needs in both the short and long term.

Multicultural Issues in the Workplace

Needs, values, priorities of employees and employers have changed dramatically over the last decade. On all levels of the corporate ladder, men and women are seeking new ways to manage the time they spend working so they can spend more time living. In the boardrooms, executives are seeking ways to attract – and retain – the best employees so they can continue to survive and thrive in a highly competitive global economy. As companies are becoming more and more diverse it is becoming more and more important for companies to understand and manage diversity.The people of different background, races, religion creates diverse workforce. There is an importance of having diverse workforce to provide better performance. There are perspectives of managing the diverse workforce, which require organization leaders and managers of being responsible of attaining better diverse workforce. Diversity means differences, difference of age, sex, race, religion and culture etc. People with different demographic differences working in the organization makes diverse workforce. And it is becoming more important for the organizations to know about these differences and how to manage it.Diversity is also the common issue in the workforce environment, in some companies employees often get discriminated or misunderstood because of the diverse features. So it is important for the companies to manage the diversity workforce to value best performance. As differences have often been associated with discrimination, bias, unfair treatment and conflicts, managing diversity in workforce is an important task for managers today. Managing diversity in the workplace refers to the ways of managers used in ensuring employees in the organizations who come from different group do not suffer discrimination.Management can mobilize the differences and similarities in each and every one of the employees for the benefits of both the individuals and organizations. Ensuring fairness and equality i n a diverse workplace is more than just doing a good deed, it is imperative in today’s fast moving and sophisticated business world. Diversity is increasing everyday in every organization: in America 1 in 4 Americans belongs to a minority or is foreign-born. Women, who currently make up less than half the work force, are expected to fill 65 percent of the jobs created during this decade. Whether you are a business owner, executive, salesperson or customer- service professional, your success will increasingly depend on your ability to function in a culturally diverse marketplace,† (Profiting in America’s Multicultural Marketplace’ Lexington Books). Why should companies concern themselves with diversity? Many managers answered this question with the statement that discrimination is wrong, both legally and morally. But today managers are voicing a second notion as well. A more diverse workforce, they say, will increase organizational effectiveness.It will lif t morale, bring greater access to new segments of the marketplace, and enhance productivity. In short, they claim, diversity will be good for business. Research stated that the Canadian companies leading the way in the area of diversity management have discovered that by embracing the elements of ethnic and cultural diversity in their workforce they have enhanced their ability to understand and tap new markets, both within Canada and abroad. Managing diversity There is no doubt that the American workforce has changed in dramatic ways.Twenty years ago the American workforce was predominantly white and male: in the 70’s, non-Hispanic white males represented about 68% of the workforce while in 2006 represented less than 40% of the workforce. (Ivancevich,p54). One of the reasons white males no longer dominate the workforce is that women have entered the workforce in record numbers. It is estimated that at the end of the decade, more than 60% percent of adult American workforce, o r almost half of the American work force will be female(Ivancevich. 2007).Organizations have to follow the many guidelines to get diversity stick: they have to focus on getting the best talent out of the person regardless of different age, sex and other demographic differences; they have to develop career plans for all employees of the organization including the minorities; they have to promote minorities to responsible positions in the workplace; they have to make managers responsible to obtain diversity goals by managing their employees well. Managers also have to communicate well with all the employees and listen to their problems that are of different background or cultures.Also organizations should build diversity into senior management. Improved understanding of diversity seems to be an obvious need, yet most firms fail to invest time and resources to become â€Å"diversity-friendly. † Even though there is a long way until diversity in the work force will be fully integ rated, there are a few success stories about diversity management that could serve as an example. For example United Airlines experienced an increase in Spanish-speaking travelers when it installed a Spanish-speaking telephone reservation line.Avon Products had significant revenue growth after it hired African American, Hispanic American, and Asian American sales and marketing personnel. Another example that we can use is Pillsbury Company and Kraft General Foods who both recorded access to more of the African American and Hispanic American markets after increasing the number of sales and advertising professionals from these ethnic-racial groups. Lookism Lookism is the ugly prejudice that judges people on their physical beauty instead of their ability.This happens everywhere: in the office, on the street, in the media and in virtually every aspect of our lives. The media fully perpetuates this myth that beauty is more important than anything else, that skinny women are more beautifu l than overweight women, and that beautiful skin, hair and teeth make a person better than the one that is considered plain. If you’re unattractive in face or body, you probably learned early on that you pay a price. In school, you were excluded from the â€Å"in† group. When you wanted to date, few people were interested.On the street, people look not at you but past you. We all know that, after all, looks does matter. And it matters in the workplace too. As we can read in the article â€Å"Your appearance, good or bad, can affect size of your paycheck†, a â€Å"growing body of research supports what many suspect: in the workplace, an employee's physical appearance is a powerful symbol that affects job success. Reading more we discover that , â€Å"Looking good on the job is an intangible asset that can be important, just as sharp technology skills or the ability to be a team player can give certain workers an edge†.We have to admit that there are indus tries that solely judge people by their looks such as the entertainment industry and modeling. In those industries, a person's looks is his/her commodity because the public want to see attractive gods and goddesses, not average-looking people. As a conclusion I can say that even though people are protesting the fact that lookism is deemed as discrimination, there is a slim chance that the concept of judging people based upon looks will change overnight.In order for this to change, we all have to change. We, as people, we need to stop judging by the look. We should judge by the qualities that a person has. Organizational Culture An organization's culture varies as widely as the nature of work itself. Oftentimes a unique different mix of values and norms govern the cultural environment of an organization. In today's fast changing business environment, the cultural make-up of an organizations plays a critical role in the success of the firm to achieve its strategic objectives.Culture i s not an easily defined concept, but generally it is the values, beliefs, and norms expressed in work practices and behavior. An organization's culture is not necessarily an articulated list of values found in an appendix in an annual report. Rather, culture is created by the organization itself. Many corporations have recognized that diversity contributes to the bottom line by making it easier to retain good employees, lowering costs by developing skill in-house and developing a reputation that helps attract new employees.As Swanson states in the article â€Å"Diversity: Creating an Environment of inclusiveness†, â€Å"It has been suggested that one of the keys to integrating diversity is developing the ability to hold multiple perspectives without judgment. A statement easier written than accomplished! Although this is a challenge, there are several strategies that we can use to develop this skill: staying in the present, working to increase our comfort level with ambiguit y, striving to decrease distortion, and choosing actions that support our desired outcomes. †We can see that organizations have created specific recruiting programs that target traditional minority universities and trade schools. They have also tied the recruiting programs into a reporting relationship with the diversity council and other leadership initiatives. In tandem with recruiting programs, retention programs have been formed to address existing employees. Almost all organizations have started diversity programs. As a result high quality minority candidates are being recruited by other companies. This has created a highly competitive market for the very best minority employees.Gender In early societies, women bore children, cared for the home, and helped maintain the family's economic production. Men hunted, made war, and, in settled societies, assumed primary responsibility for field crop production. Women's status is a complex issue and a hard-to-define subject. Aroun d the world, women's status in each society and culture varies in different ways. In some societies, women's status improved gradually, while in other, it declined or remained unchanged. As it is mentioned in the article â€Å"Why Aren’t We There Yet? An Equal Pay Day 2009 Primer on the Wage Gap. , â€Å"Unfair pay is not simply the result of women choosing the wrong college major or career. Women attend similar kinds of colleges as men, outperform men academically, and are more likely to earn a professional license or certificate. Yet women earn less than men even within majors. These wage gaps start upon entering the workforce; just one year after college, female graduates working full time earn only about 80 percent as much as male graduates earn. Ten years after graduation, women fall farther behind, earning only 69 percent as much as men earn.And college educated women still earn less than their male peers when controlling for hours, occupation, parenthood, and other f actors normally associated with pay. † However, women have made positively progress towards equality and their role in the society has been changed dramatically since the last century. The number of working women with children has more than doubled in the past 50 years. As my own opinion, I can say that even with all the changes that happen around the world regarding women’s place in the workforce, the stereotypical role of housewife is still present.Even when women break out from this role, they still not had given an equal opportunity. Men tend to hold administrative positions, while women usually have the positions that support the administrator. Religion The business world has gone global, and our diverse workplace could be the key to connecting with potential customers here and abroad. In my opinion, encouraging dialog and sharing of religious and cultural norms in the working place, not only will help decrease misunderstanding and misinformation among the employee s, but interaction with clients and vendors from other cultures and religions will become second nature.Knowing when (or when not to) shake hands, share a meal, or offer a glass of wine can give your company a good advantage in today’s global market. Based on this problem, a paragraph from the article â€Å"Religious groups and employers try a new approach to faith at work. † got my attention: â€Å"The idea of addressing religion in the secular business world often causes even seasoned human resources executives to pause and see how it complements their people-management strategies.At Texas Instruments, worldwide diversity director Terry Howard remembers his reaction when approached by 10 Christian employees about forming a company-sanctioned religious group. â€Å"The questions that I raised were: What does this mean to TI? How would recognizing you as a group help TI meet its business objectives and targets? How is it going to make TI serve customers better? How i s it going to make TI a good place to work for everyone and be inclusive? † he says.They made it quite clear that they saw themselves as being in the position to help us recruit and retain people of faith-based backgrounds. † In my opinion, having companies that respect employees religious background (allowing employees to take days off based on their religious beliefs), can attract top candidates for the company. In my opinion, each feels honored and respected and it is a win-win for the company and for the employee as well. By showing employees that you respect their beliefs and customs, you will be building a strong relation and in the same time creates employee loyalty.

Future Trends in Crisis Intervention

Future Trends in Crisis Intervention Abstract Mental Health Paraprofessionals (MHPP) will work with the client and family on behavioral issues that occur in the home, school, and community. The MHPP serves on the treatment team and assists professional staff with the execution of the treatment plan. They also assist with securing community services that might be available to the client and the client's family. The purpose of intensive Mental Health Paraprofessional Intervention is to enable the client to be maintained in the most normalized, least restrictive setting as possible, and to prevent unnecessary, inappropriate institutionalization.This paper discusses an overview paraprofessionals, the impact the paraprofessionals have on the field, the challenges that organizations are faced, and how to manage with the implemented changes. Future Trends in Crisis Intervention As the population in the United States continues to climb the need for human services professionals does the same. Human service agencies are often face the dilemmas of being over-worked and under paid. Professionals in this field are often prone to burnout because of these dilemmas. Sadly, human service agencies are often the first to experience budget cuts.These budget cuts affect the human service professional’s organization, facility, coworkers, pay, clients, and their personal moral. Leading officials of many human service organizations are noticing the affects of these dilemmas and are trying proactive approaches in solving the epidemics. As a result, the paraprofessional is becoming increasingly popular as the organization can fill the much needed worker positions and assist in alleviating clinician case load. This paper discusses the impact of this trend on the human services field and how the trend will impact the practice of crisis intervention in the future.The challenges faced as a result of the impact, and how the worker can proactively deal with this expanding trend is also covered. It is vital for these services to keep up with the demand and save as much of the valuable budget money. The Paraprofessional Counseling paraprofessionals are bachelor's level graduates whom have completed a course in order to become certified as a paraprofessional. Paraprofessionals generally work in mental health centers, crisis units, day treatment programs and group homes.Generally they provide direct care to patients, where as a counselor, psychologist or psychiatrist offer more specified trained services. Treatment centers will employ support staff to work directly with their patients; counseling center paraprofessionals (CCP) are distinctly different from other support staff (Barrios & Perlas, 2010). They hold a certification in working with the mentally ill and a bachelor's degree while certified counseling technicians (CCT) have a similar certification, but hold a high school diploma instead of a bachelor's degree (Barrios & Perlas, 2010).Some treatment ce nters will also hire direct service professionals that do not have CCP or CCT certifications, but generally, those whom hold a certification are in higher demand and are more employable. Contact of a Paraprofessional The main purpose of a CCP is to interact directly with patients in their care; this may involve setting and enforcing rules on unit, organizing daily activities, and helping with chores or other similar duties.According to Christine Wyman (2012), â€Å"They often have more contact with clients that much of the other staff, including doctors, psychologists, and therapists, as the CCP is usually in charge of the client's day to day activities. † Though the CCP performs less specialized work, they often have the most insight into individual clients. Because of the constant contact they are an invaluable member of the treatment team. With how often CCP’s get to observe patients on a daily basis they are able to pick up on behavior patterns that other staff may not see.They are also able to see how various treatments affect a patient in their daily lives. Some CCPs are designated to work one on one with a single client. A CCP in this role is often assigned as such because a client has a particular need. â€Å"Such needs could include but are not limited to helping a client with severe cognitive or physical limitations, watching a client whom is a danger to himself or others or working with a client whose treatment goals involve intensive one on one work† (Wyman, 2012). ImpactThere are many ways that the use of counseling center paraprofessionals can benefit the organization. One of the many benefits of the paraprofessional in the human service career field could be that they require less training than typical clinician or other human service professional. That way the CCP is able to become certified and begin work in a much shorter time frame then someone who is going through all the required schooling and testing to become a licen sed professional. Another aspect deals with the lesser amount of pay therefore saving the organization money.With the way budgets are being cut it is important to stretch every dollar as much as possible. â€Å"Someone without the education or licensure will not be able to do as much as a professional and therefore require less pay therefore saving money for other areas it is needed† (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). Since CCP’s spend a great deal of time with the patients they serve as valuable member of the treatment team in helping diagnose issues and observe if prescribed treatments are working. With the CCP’s doing this then that opens up the professionals to work with more clients on a one on one basis.Challenges Paraprofessionals in the human services field can be considered both an important asset and a nuisance to the clinicians and the clients served. With all the good that a paraprofessional brings the position also has some negatives. During this tumultu ous economy, districts find themselves entertaining a variety of solutions as a means of tackling severe budget reductions, and colleges are faced with the impossible task of providing quality student services without adequate resources.As a result, paraprofessionals may have absorbed additional duties previously performed by a robust counseling department. Also the CCP’s can be improperly trained or supervised. Because of these two occurrences the care provided can suffer. When people are overworked they are more likely to suffer from burnout. In this case the lack of CCP’s can cause burnout on behalf of the professionals and if the CCP’s are doing more than they should they can become burnt out. Managing Paraprofessional responsibilities should not extend beyond information dissemination.When the duties expand into goal setting, planning or decision making, the paraprofessional has overstepped his/her professional boundaries. It is recommended that paraprofess ional roles and duties be assessed to ensure that paraprofessionals do not extend beyond their primary job description (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). If paraprofessionals are utilized, proper training and supervision are imperative. Both training and supervision should be conducted with counselors taking an active role in both.Training methods could include individual one-on-one trainings, small group trainings, or an in-service training to the greater college community in order to differentiate the goals and responsibilities between counselors and paraprofessionals. Trainings and supervision should include clearly defined responsibilities and a counselor referral process. Identification badges, that include name and position, should be provided along with ethical and confidentiality regulations. Closing Crisis Intervention Counseling plays an important role and benefits many people in their time of need.With the direction of society and the numerous budget cuts that are implemented each year, the affected organizations that provide these services must find the best way to survive. In hiring counseling center paraprofessionals the group takes some of the pressure off of the professionals and spread the work out more evenly. This move also saves the organization money on a tight budget. There are many issues that face the human service field and counseling in the future but one major is the funding. CCP’s can do a lot to solve this issue now and in the future as budgets for these services get cut even more.

Viuses are Non-living particles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Viuses are Non-living particles - Essay Example The modes of transfer of viruses from one person to the other vary significantly. Viruses can be spread through vomits, coughs, sneezes as well as bites from infected organisms (Shors, 4). There are several reasons why viruses are included in biology even though they are non-living. One of the reasons why viruses are included in biology is the fact that they affect living organisms in various ways (Mettenleiter & Francisco, 73 ). Viruses are always associated with several serious diseases in living organisms. Viruses are known to be pathogenic to human beings. They can lead to alteration of the activities of the cells that they have invaded (Shors, 54). This is because viruses are only active when they are inside living cells. Viruses also have the ability to attack as well as infect bacterial cells. These are some of the reasons why viruses are included in biology. Treatment of viral infections is always very difficult using antibiotics. This is because viruses always hide inside the cells (Rogers, 75). This presents a big challenge for the antibiotics to reach them. Therefore, treating viral infections with antibodies is difficult. In addition, the nature of viruses makes it difficult to treat them with antibiotics. Viruses have simple structures. As such they use their host cells’ structures to accomplish their activities. This makes it ineffective to use antibiotics to cure

Physical Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Physical Education - Assignment Example Time allocation is an issue that is generally complicated by localized control of curricula and practices of offering subject options or electives, which provide less opportunities and interest for additional engagement in physical education and/or school sport activity (Hardman, 2009). There are various survey findings which reveal variations in expected time allocated to physical education. Curriculum time allocated to other subjects deteriorates the situation where recent educational reforms have resulted in physical education teaching time reductions as observed in Taiwan (Hardman, 2009). †¢ Taiwan-Integrating PE with health education has led to the reduction in the teaching time of physical activities and the time allocated to PE is again affected by an increase in the teaching time of English and other subjects e.g. Mathematics, computer and dialects which are assigned more weight into the curriculum (Hardman, 2009). Physical education is also faced with the consequences o f the global financial and economic crisis. This is evidenced by the words of Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger who proposed trimming state money for physical education classes leaving athletic programs at the two-year schools in doubt (Krupnick, 2009). Another contentious issue is the actual status of physical education and its teachers. Data indicate that equal subject legal status is claimed in 69% of countries. Africa, where only 15% of countries indicate equal legal status of subjects, represents a marked contrast with Europe’s 88%. This is an indication that across all regions except Europe, in practice physical education is considered to have lower status than other subjects (Hardman, 2009). Other... The research highlights physical education influences and reflects the values of society, and the kind of society we desire to have. It is vital, therefore, to accept and recognize a set of common values and purposes in the school curriculum that is broad and balanced. This leads to a holistic development which has various orientations including individual, cultural and social orientations. As the papaper stresses pervasive factors contributing to varied notions on physical education in schools are depicted in the development of curriculum, the time allocation and priority assigned to other subjects. Inadequate resources, deficiencies in numbers of qualified physical education and poor attitudes of significant individuals such as head teachers, also contribute to the diverse perceptions. Time allocation is an issue that is generally complicated by localized control of curricula and practices of offering subject options or electives, which provide less opportunities and interest for additional engagement in physical education and/or school sport activity. Physical education is faced with the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis. This is evidenced by the words of Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger who proposed trimming state money for physical education classes leaving athletic programs at the two-year schools in doubt. The attitude of secondary school teacher s towards physical education depends on their experience in the field.

Concreate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Concreate - Assignment Example The study also takes into consideration, the different types of Portland cement from type I to V. In the concrete mix preparation, the strength and consistency of the concrete will be measured. This will enable the engineers to do necessary adjustments to regularize the range of strengths and elasticity. From the observations made in the general properties of the concrete mix, it is necessary to take note of the troweling feasibility of using the concrete. In order to ascertain determine whether the troweling is workable or not, the property test will require working with a trowel on the concrete. The quality of the concrete is measured by how smooth it was to work on it. If it requires so much strength to work on then the trowel workability is troubled, and will be assigned either fair or poor rating. The concrete is produced in different layers, each layer containing unique composition of materials. The third layer is overfilled for the sake of consolidation. The final stage is to finishing the upper layer using the tamping rod as well as the trowel to smoothen it. This is then followed by covering the upper layer to ensure there is no evaporation. Temperature and moisture require careful treatment and observation since they directly affect the strength of the concrete. Before com pressing and testing the concrete, one has to take the measurement of the radius and the diameter of concrete using calipers. The cylindrical concrete is measured in the middle at 4 points on its circumference. Just prior to the testing and compression, the engineers cap each end of the concrete to allow uniform spread of weight when a load is applied to it. Concretes are made into different shapes and compression failure modes to strengthen them. The shapes include full shear, splitting (columnar), shear cone, cone splitting and local shear wedge. The variables to