Literature Review of Studies Focused on Vocabulary Development Research Paper

Literature Review of Studies Focused on Vocabulary Development Strategies and Interventions for Grades 9-12 - Research idea ExampleThere are strategies ideal only for children and there are those applicable only for grownups. In teaching Grades 9-12, teachers will find issues relating mostly to cellular inclusion and vocabulary. This paper reviews three articles that investigated effective reading strategies for improving vocabulary of Grade 9-12 students. One article worthy of attention was written by Douglas black cat (2007). In this paper, Fisher reports the five-part course of study that the teachers and administrators of Hoover High enlighten developed and implemented in order to improve the vocabulary performance of students in state-administered tests. According to Fisher (2007), Hoover High School was a low-performing school with a population of 2,300 students at the time of study, all qualifying for free breakfast and lunch and 76% speak a different language apart from English. To improve vocabulary at the school level, the school implemented vocabulary routines and instruction. The first component of the program was wide reading. This component consisted silent sustained reading (SSR) and independent reading for content area subjects. The school identified and purchased appropriate reading materials, among these were historical accounts of WWII. In addition to these resources, the school assigned teachers who could provide relevant information to students regarding the materials they read. The students devoted 20 minutes per day to SSR and just read any material they wanted. This regularity was not enough, thus additional time was provided during content area instruction for independent reading. The second component of the program was reading aloud. This strategy is very popular for beginning readers. Nevertheless, Hoover High School used it because of its tested effectiveness to learn content and vocabulary. In this method, the teacher read al oud a exit for 3-5 minutes at every class. Again, the school had to purchase materials specially designed for the procedure, including Richardsons (2000) Read It Aloud Using Literature in the Secondary mental object Classroom, Treleases (1993) Read All About It Great Read-Aloud Stories, Poems, and Newspaper Pieces for Preteens and Teens. These materials, along with other interesting books, were purchased using the schools site book funds. School administrators conducted observation of read aloud sessions. Consequently, to enhance interest of teachers in implementing read aloud sessions, professional development funds were also utilized to pay teachers to travel along other teachers during read alouds. The third component composed of content vocabulary instruction. This was the usual vocabulary instruction in which teachers used graphic organizers, semantic maps, tables, and so on One issue that aroused teachers attention on this component was deciding on what vocabulary words to teach. To address the problem, several questions were raised to qualify the words, much(prenominal) as Will the word be used in other subject areas? Will the word be used again during the school course? This kind of questions served as guide to teaching specific vocabulary words. The fourth component was academic vocabulary development. For this component, the school team consulted Coxheads (2000) Academic password List and Marzano and Pickerings (2005) ELL Students and Academic Vocabulary and came up with 570 academic words to teach their students. The last component was called the

Visual Learners. How children learn and develop, and can provide Research Paper

Visual Learners. How children learn and father grow, and can provide learning opportunities that support their intellectual, social and personal development - Research motif ExampleOne picture shown to different people will be perceived differently, depending upon the optimism or pessimism in the intrinsic psychology of the viewer. Having said that, children tend to develop questions in their caputs about the portions of scene they did not have formal interaction with or understanding about. The visual language expresses itself overtly, and the child receives the data in his brain which was an empty pot now beingness filled with knowledge. Once the nurture is received, the child analyzes it from different aspects making use of the cognitive skills every human being is naturally born with. He weighs the information against various questions he previously had about the grey areas in the subject matter and finally tends to use that information to color the grey areas rightly. The process continues as the child views more images and the process of learning is enhanced.Teaching is all about strong expression of knowledge so that it is easily conceivable to the learners. One might be quite knowledgeable about a matter and yet not be good as a teacher if one is not able to convey the knowledge to the learners. A good teacher tries to deliver the lecture by attaining the attention of the learners. This is achieved by manipulating the tone of speech and often wise selection of words to make the speech. The intention is to make the speech more expressive and understandable. Often, a teacher would make use of inclined language that is biased and delivers the meaning as required by him. This is not easy and it is usual for a teacher to face bother in conveying the right point rightly. This is where visual teaching works. As they say, One picture is worth a thousand words. (Bernard cited in Moncur, n.d.). This is exactly the fantasy of visual arts and tells how visu al learning is related to teaching. It clearly adds value of to the images and

Midterm paper in microeconomics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midterm paper in microeconomics - Case Study ExampleThis can be presented in a graph as follows Figure 1 Graph Presenting the function, Y = F (K, L) = AK0.4L0.8 (b) In order to break even, one should hardly be dysphoric about the production size since size is hardly the only figure that influences production. Again, fixed costs atomic number 18 not related directly to a wets level of production. Break-even involves the point at which both variable and fixed costs would be recovered, implying that production size is not a major factor to consider in this expression. Answer to Question 2 This is a case of two firms that compete in a sequntial game, where each firm chooses values as its strategic variable.Firm 1 make the choice of expenditure p1, first, while firm 2 chooses p2 later. Each of the two firms has a marginal cost of 20. The assumption in this case is that a consumer is loacted at point x, x being the distance from firm 1, and obtains some utility after buying from ei ther of the two firms. such(prenominal) functions are as below U1 = V p1 16x U2 = V p2 16 (1 - x) Given that V is a constant, which is so large that it could cover the entire market (a) The best solvent for firm 2 would require that the firm looks ahead to its initial decision. It would then assume that given that it comes to that point, firm 1 will choose the optimal proceeds of firm 2 in this case, the highest payoff in terms of price. Secondly, firm 2 would have to back up to its second all the way to the ending decision. It would assume that firm 1 would opt for high prices (Peterson, 39). The firm would continue reasoning back in the same way until all its decisions are fixed. Such decision could be presented in a (p2 p1) space as follows V = U2 + p2 + 16 (1 - x) V= U1 + p1 + 16x Thus, U2 + p2 + 16 (1 - x) = U1 + p1 + 16x U2 + p2 + 16 = U1 + p1 + 32x Since the two firms are competing sequentially, the market sense of balance price is the point where p1= p2 since all fir ms would ultimately have to lower their prices in order to attract as many customers as possible (Peterson, 39). (b) The equilibrium price is p1 =p2 =20. The profit for firm 1 is Yp1 20c while that of firm 2 is Yp2 20c, where Y is the total output and 20c is the total cost which is constant for the two firms. (c) Equilibrium price is 20. The market share for firm 1 and firm 2 are x and (1 x) respectively. Answer to question 3 The following data was obtained from Rema Store. (1) The name of the stick in is Rema Grocery Store. The type of cheese in the store, the prices per kilogram and the brand of cheese including the unit size are as shown in the table above. (2) Based on the various brands, unit sizes, and price per kilogram for each brand, it is easy to propose price discrimination scheme. The price discrimination scheme could explain more about the stores and the brands of cheese sold. The best price discrimination scheme for the products is the first degree of price discrim ination. In this case, the seller would sell various product brands of cheese at different prices. The scheme would require that the seller knows the reservation price for each of the brand sold. Once the seller identifies the reservation price for each brand, he or she is able to sell the different brands of cheese to the consumers at the maximum prices possible. Customers hardly consider quantities but their perception of quality is based

Media Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Ethics - Essay ExampleUltimately, I will conclude that the primary reason many media organizations may find themselves aiding terrorist is not extinct of the inevitability of an incidental connection, but a money-oriented strategy.Unlike other commentators, Held does not try to invoke the role of news media as a fourth discriminate or government, but takes the position that everyone in a moral society is obliged to promote the reduction of political violence. This position, in her opinion is partially pertinent for those working in the media since it plays a key role in shaping public opinion, which is ultimately the accusive of those that engage in political violence. She bases her argument on the claim that the media cannot be relied on to play its moral role in the war against terror since it is predominantly driven by profit motives. Even from a laypersons perspective, the media assist common sense in decreasing incidences of political violence. However, this is not as obvious to members of the fourth estate who tend to present news in the most dramatic and emotive way possible so as to exploit public outrage or fear for increased rating and grow a sense of dependency. Given current reporting trends, it is clear that the infamous adage, tell the people what they want hear is alive. For example, they will rarely provide objective coverage of the arguments for and against the views by political dissidents unless they happen to be iconic figures such as Dalai Lama. She suggest that the press should air the view of everyone involved in an incidence since many acts of terror are committed by people who feel they are ignored and want to force society to acknowledge their existence and grievances. Her design on this matter is on point since in many cases, would be perpetrators of political violence will not get attention from the media unless they do something drastic.Held preeminently talks about the profit motive, which she cites rightly as

Bureaucracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Bureaucracy - Essay ExampleThe characteristics of the work in bureaucracies may be defined as being impersonal, rule based, goal lie and promotion of officials only on the base of merit and performance.The ideal of bureaucracy goes down to a rich history coming from the Chinese and the Industrial Revolution. condescension the various changes that exist in the male monarch and government forms throughout, the one word that has not lost its power and is still holding the authority to exercise power is bureaucracy. Even before the term came up officially, many countries followed the concept as it literally means to rule by office. The Confucianism has a genuine philosophical element in the authority of the bureaucracy, as it adds to the early facets of the Chinese culture and social structure (Jacoby 53).In a more modern sequence, at that place was much from the bureaucracies that we saw in the social culture. The local labour problems had started to be solved by the unions as ind ividual locals. Since the locals themselves lacked confidence and strength to negotiate with the corporations held nationally, the locals were compelled to fit in nationally and in effect formed a parallel bureaucratic structure. The structure sooner became an entity of its own right as the voice of individual locals was low and taken over by the national body. Today, the bureaucracy is perceived as most closely associated with the government, and even lobbyists against excessive government red tape. Social scientists in any case argue that private bureaucratic development had been developed before the government.Traditionally there were hierarchies of offices defining their different areas of responsibility which was considered as a criterion for a bureaucracy. Another key component for the bureaucracy was to regulate and service others property rather than ones own. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, the concept of bureaucracy changed. The development took place and with a keen

Handling customer complaints in hospitality Essay

Handling customer complaints in hospitality - Essay ExampleThis essay examines the various ways through which resources and activities washbowl be reconfigured to accommodate and reduce variability in the handling of customer complaints. CAPACITY The main structural features of hospitality have significant implications for the management of operations in the sector. These structural factors also influence the nature of operations in hospitality. The most important of these structural considerations are related to the effect of seasonality on hold for the hospitality industry (Hayes, 2011). Most activities that are attractive to tourists also play a significant role in leisure consumption at the local level are highly seasonal in terms of feasibility and entertainment. Take Skiing as an example, it plays a role in both tourism and leisure, and at the same while an activity confined to winter and as such localities and operations relating to the provision of facilities and services are time limited (Hill, 2012). Likewise, out-of-door activities depend on warm weather such as water sports are limited to summer unless one is in the tropical and sub-tropical locations. Most of the time the operational season can be exceedingly short in extreme tourism destinations, lasting between six weeks to two months. During which time suppliers stress to maximize on profits from tourism activities to generate sufficient income to cover the full year (Sloan, 2009) However, these structural considerations extend beyond seasonality. Location and distance from cay centers of population, while essentially geographical in nature, may lead to the impact of peripherals on hospitality provision (Barrows, 2009). Peripheral locations suffer poor communications and access, and fetch competitive disadvantage associated with destinations that offer the same opportunities and facilities, but found closer to the main urban areas with near excellent transport points. For example, Island locations have been the subject of colossal study due to the specific influence that insularity brings on the performance and nature of the hospitality sector. Maintaining operations in remote areas can bring ina challenge in hospitality (Jones, 2002). SERVICESCAPE AND PROCESS DESIGN The business ownership within the hospitality industry can be termed as some other operational consideration. The weighing scale between large, chain-owned multiples and small, independent operators in the hospitality industry outlines the way the industry operates and how businesses are shaped (Krajewski). In most split of the developed world there is a trend of increasing multiple operation and ownership, either by means of various forms of management or prerogative or a direct model. This enacts requirements and standards on the operational standards adopted in these businesses. In other destinations mainly in the developing world, hospitality operations possess substantial contrast between mic ro operations of local entrepreneurs and big multinational operations in terms of market activities food or souvenir. many states in the developing world that have pushed forward the early stages of growth in hospitality based on multinational investment currently discover the importance of micro businesses to the future sustainability of the hospitality industry (Managing service quality). In hospitality customer expectations vary considerably across the sector on the basis of the type of business, where it is located, and the price-value benefit that

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case Study ExampleLVMH constitutes of 60 subsidiaries each controlling several prestigious market brands. The family is interested in five-service and product area that hold leather and fashion products, jewelry and watches, cosmetics and perfumes, alcohol (spirits and wines), and selective retailing. The subsidiaries have independent management though the boilersuit management influences operations. LVMHs corporate strategy is defined as strategic merge of independent companies that produce disparate or slightly different products. The companies may be thriving in the same market region or different market region (Wendlandt & Denis 3). LVMH creation of harbor LVMH seeks to create value in different ways especially by providing new value, adding value to the existing brands and providing quality value. Since the company emerged, it has continually sought to create new value by searching for companies with high performance potential and signing them into the merger business. The company dynamically gains recognition and market ground that allow it to create new value by seeking and purchasing new brands (Hannaford 95). The cost of producing each commodity reduces by merging different production and marketing entities. Negotiating for reduced advertisement charges, warm material costs, distribution cost and other similar operation becomes easier. As a result, the quantity of specific items stand increase to lure the customers. Another flier that LVMH strives to attain is setting standards that improve their brand items. This ensures improved commodity quality. Apart from the above strategies, LVMH organizes exhibitions to show case their products. Additionally, it participates in community activities to improve its image. The LVMH Young esthetic Award is an annual price for creativity competition for students sponsored by LVMH (Wendlandt & Denis 3). LVMH partakes in direct activities to ensure increased value by improving quality of products. These activi ties include formulation of vision, training, boosting technical skills to improve service, consolidating resources and interviewing new recruits. The newly employed recruits are initiated into their job environment immediately to evaluate their productivity. They later enroll in a training program to further their skill (Wendlandt & Denis 3) LVMH capacities that distinguish it from its competitors Several advantages place LVMH above its competitors. The synergies associated with its subsidiaries financial portfolios provide a strong financial backing. The organization can determine the benefits of each subsidiary and sponsor them accordingly (Hoskinsson, Hitt and Ireland 95). LVMH is strategically diverse especially in the market enabling the company to target and serve customers with different lifestyles. Each subsidiary provides a venture that targets different consumers. It caters for alcohol lovers as well as fashion-oriented people who do not drink. Diversification strengthens efficiency, parenting measures and increases market influence. efficiency improves because each business benefits from links with the mother corporation. The corporation also gains from the relationship. Each separate business has numerous partnership options for coordination during distribution, research, logistics and purchasing (Thompson 145). In the event that a business encounters challenges that are difficult to address, the mother corpor